Ion source: JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS

Method: JYFL miniature oven (operated at around 750 degrees C)

Materials: Pieces of Tm wire in a molybdenum (Mo) crucible. Tm is monoisotopic (A = 169), so no isotopic enrichment required.

Handling: Tm reacts with water producing hydrogen, which poses a risk of ignition, and thulium dust can cause explosions and fires. To ensure safety, all handling of the thulium sample was performed in a glove box under nitrogen flow.

Mixing gas: O₂ (He was also tested, but it provided poor performance)

Microwave power: 550 W

Extraction voltage: 10 kV

Material consumption: 1.60 mg/h (averaged over 5 days)

CS	I (uA)
23+	7
24+	10.4*
25+	10.1
26+	9.5
27+	8.1
28+	7.4**
29+	5

*= ¹⁴N²⁺ contamination.

**= ¹²C²⁺ contamination.

Note: The above is an example charge state distribution for Tm, it does not represent the best performance that has been achieved.

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