Thulium at JYFL

Ion source: JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS

Method: JYFL resistive miniature oven (operated at around 750 degrees C)

Materials: Pieces of Tm wire in a molybdenum (Mo) crucible. Tm is monoisotopic (A = 169), so no isotopic enrichment required.

Handling: Tm reacts with water producing hydrogen, which poses a risk of ignition, and thulium dust can cause explosions and fires. To ensure safety, all handling of the thulium sample was performed in a glove box under nitrogen flow.

Mixing gas: O₂ (He was also tested, but it provided poor performance)

Microwave power: 550 W

Extraction voltage: 10 kV

Material consumption: 1.60 mg/h (averaged over 5 days)

*= ¹⁴N²⁺ contamination.

**= ¹²C²⁺ contamination.

Note: The above is an example charge state distribution for Tm, it does not represent the best performance that has been achieved.